You should be aware that the use of personal pronouns may be different between academic fields and that some disciplines do not accept it at all. For example, in reflective writing the use of the personal pronoun is accepted. Some types of academic writing encourage the use of personal pronouns. The use of personal pronouns such as “I”, “we” and “you” should be avoided as much as possible. This means that the main emphasis should be on evidence and arguments and not based on personal opinion and feelings. In general, academic texts are impersonal in nature. Latin abbreviations should not be used in the text itself but may be used in parentheses or in notes and illustrations.įurther information about Latin abbreviations
The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed concern over the spread of the virus. Once you have introduced it, you may use the acronym in the rest of your text. When you introduce the acronym, you should always write out the whole name or phrase followed by the acronym in parentheses.
UN and WHO are two examples of well-known acronyms. Note however that some abbreviations may be used in citations and reference lists.Īn acronym is a type of abbreviation that is formed by the first letter of each word in a phrase or organization. Words that are commonly abbreviated such as “professor” (prof.) and “department” (dept.) should be spelled out in academic texts. If you use a term more rarely it might be better to spell it out. Another rule of thumb is that the abbreviated term should appear at least three times in the paper. You should only use abbreviations when it makes the reading of your text easier. It is important to use acronyms and abbreviations properly in academic writing so that your text is as clear as possible for the reader. It’s – it is (Observe the difference between “it’s” (contraction of “it is”) and the possessive “its” (as in “The dog wagged its tail”) Acronyms and Abbreviations: Here are a few examples:Ĭan’t – cannot (Observe that it is written in one word) Instead of using a contraction you should write out the words in their entirety. In English, contractions are used in informal settings and are therefore not appropriate for academic texts. The Academic Phrasebank from the University of Manchester is a rich resource of phrases that can be used in academic writing. Correct use of terminology and language facilitates your communication and heightens the credibility of your work. This will also help you learn and use subject-specific terms. Note: This checklist applies to both the written and oral communication.In order to achieve the appropriate level of formality, you should read literature within your field. The message should not be biased and must include the terms that show respect for the recipient. Courteous: It implies that the sender must take into consideration both the feelings and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive and focused at the audience.In order to communicate, the sender must relate to the target recipient and be involved. in order to have an effective communication. Consideration: The sender must take into consideration the receiver’s opinions, knowledge, mindset, background, etc.The short and brief message is more comprehensive and helps in retaining the receiver’s attention. The sender should avoid the lengthy sentences and try to convey the subject matter in the least possible words. Concise: The message should be precise and to the point.All the facts and figures should be clearly mentioned in a message so as to substantiate to whatever the sender is saying. Concrete: The communication should be concrete, which means the message should be clear and particularly such that no room for misinterpretation is left.The complete information gives answers to all the questions of the receivers and helps in better decision-making by the recipient. it must include all the relevant information as required by the intended audience. Complete: The message should be complete, i.e.The correct messages have a greater impact on the receiver and at the same time, the morale of the sender increases with the accurate message. Also, the message should be exact and well-timed. a correct language should be used, and the sender must ensure that there is no grammatical and spelling mistakes. Correct: The message should be correct, i.e.The message should emphasize on a single goal at a time and shall not cover several ideas in a single sentence. The purpose of the communication should be clear to sender then only the receiver will be sure about it. Clear: The message should be clear and easily understandable to the recipient.To have effective communication, one should keep the following 7 C’s of communication in mind:
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